The nations with the most population growth are usually the wealthiest. [319] As rival Armenian and Azerbaijani demonstrations took place in Nagorno-Karabakh, Gorbachev called an emergency meeting of the Politburo. The Viet Cong lost access to its Ho Chi Minh Trail. Concern that the federal government planned to cut federal funding for state and national parks in the West. [545], For much of the Communist Party nomenklatura, the Soviet Union's dissolution was disastrous as it resulted in their loss of power. [603] He was also hospitalized in the Central Clinical Hospital on 9 October 2014. What led to the congressional discovery that the FBI had spied on millions of Americans in the 1960s? [634] Many, particularly in Western countries, see him as the greatest statesman of the second half of the 20th century. [415], Yeltsin, now President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, went inside the Moscow White House. d. It meant a rejection of Henry Kissinger's "realist" approach to the Cold War. What motivated the Sagebrush Rebellion? [300] There was hostility to such compromises from the Soviet military, but following the May 1987 Mathias Rust incidentin which a West German teenager was able to fly undetected from Finland and land in Red SquareGorbachev fired many senior military figures for incompetence. e. dramatically increased American military spending. [297] By publicly pushing for nuclear disarmament, Gorbachev sought to give the Soviet Union the moral high ground and weaken the West's self-perception of moral superiority. [86] By 1968 he was increasingly frustrated with his jobin large part because Khrushchev's reforms were stalling or being reversedand he contemplated leaving politics to work in academia. Why did the gay and lesbian movement become a major concern for members of the political right after the late 1960s? [635] U.S. press referred to the presence of "Gorbymania" in Western countries during the late 1980s and early 1990s, as represented by large crowds that turned out to greet his visits,[636] with Time naming him its "Man of the Decade" in the 1980s. c. was reviled by Reagan for his unwillingness to negotiate arms reduction. b. improved medical care. Who is Mikhail Gorbachev quizlet? e. use nuclear weapons only if attacked first. [360], In January 1990, Gorbachev privately agreed to permit East German reunification with West Germany, but rejected the idea that a unified Germany could retain West Germany's NATO membership. [502] He continued to speak out on issues affecting Russia and the world. a. Reagan's policies enriched investors and CEOs but eviscerated the economies and communities of the industrial heartland. [459], In 1993, Gorbachev launched Green Cross International, which focused on encouraging sustainable futures, and then the World Political Forum. The Russian government under Yeltsin assumed many of the responsibilities of the former Soviet Union. a. a. Reagan's policies enriched investors and CEOs but eviscerated the economies and communities of the industrial heartland. 23 The United States and the Wold War, 19, Government in America: Elections and Updates Edition, George C. Edwards III, Martin P. Wattenberg, Robert L. Lineberry, Christina Dejong, Christopher E. Smith, George F Cole. b. the validation of big government. b. rigid, formal guidelines set by national academies. [55] He was then offered a place on an MSU graduate course specializing in kolkhoz law, but declined. The U.S. sought to prevent the coup of General Augusto Pinochet. [306] At the summit, Reagan told reporters that he no longer considered the Soviet Union an "evil empire" and the two revealed that they considered themselves friends. [156] He thus became the eighth leader of the Soviet Union. d. stagnant economic growth and high inflation. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Mikhail Gorbachev's parents gave him this name, but at the insistence of his mother, a devout Orthodox Christian, he was given a secret baptism, where his grandfather named him Mikhail, Wife of Gorbachev, Gorbachev came from this Krai of the USSR; in 1970, Gorbachev succeeded Leonid Yefremov as First Secretary of this region's . d. stagnant economic growth and high inflation. [102] For overseeing a record grain harvest in Ipatovsky district, in March 1972 he was awarded the Order of the October Revolution by Brezhnev in a Moscow ceremony. After we got home, Sherry said, "we should take trips together more often.". [590] Biographers Doder and Branson thought that Gorbachev was "a puritan" with "a proclivity for order in his personal life". . b. breaking off diplomatic relations with Pakistan. [482] Later that year, Gorbachev founded a new movement, the Union of Social Democrats. [564] In 2008, there was some press speculation that he was a practicing Christian after he visited the tomb of St Francis of Assisi, to which he publicly clarified that he was an atheist. c. made Jimmy Carter appear weak and inept. [669], "Gorbachev" redirects here. [262] For the 70th anniversary of the October Revolution of 1917which brought Lenin and the Communist Party to powerGorbachev produced a speech on "October and Perestroika: The Revolution Continues". [241], In January 1987, Gorbachev attended a Central Committee plenum where he talked about perestroika and democratization while criticizing widespread corruption. [504] His comments led to Ukraine banning him from entering the country for five years.[505]. c. He fired all of the air traffic controllers on strike. [632] Germany's former chancellor Angela Merkel, who grew up in East Germany, said he completely changed her life and the world while current German chancellor Olaf Scholz hailed Gorbachev's role in reuniting Germany. Gorbachev was the son of Russian peasants in Stavropol territory (kray) in southwestern Russia. e. the draft process had unfairly drafted the poor and minorities, while white, middle-class men were often exempt. [248] These stoked a number of miners' strikes in 1989. [273] In the months following the conference, Gorbachev focused on redesigning and streamlining the party apparatus; the Central Committee staffwhich then numbered around 3,000was halved, while various Central Committee departments were merged to cut down the overall number from twenty to nine. [160] In June he traveled to Ukraine, in July to Belarus, and in September to Tyumen Oblast, urging party members in these areas to take more responsibility for fixing local problems. In 197980 Gorbachev joined its supreme policy-making body (the Politburo), and in 1985 he was elected general secretary of the CPSU. Who was Mikhail Gorbachev quizlet? [616][617] His press secretary Dmitry Peskov said that the "tight schedule of the president" would not allow him to be present at the funeral, as he was scheduled to visit Kaliningrad. [27] Over the course of five consecutive summers from 1946 onward he returned home to assist his father in operating a combine harvester, during which they sometimes worked 20-hour days. [84] In January 1963, Gorbachev was promoted to personnel chief for the regional party's agricultural committee,[85] and in September 1966 became First Secretary of the Stavropol City Party Organization ("Gorkom"). [7] His relationship with his father, Sergey Andreyevich Gorbachev, was close; his mother, Maria Panteleyevna Gorbacheva (ne Gopkalo), was colder and punitive. He proved a promising Komsomol member, and in 1952 he entered the law school of Moscow State University and became a member of the Communist Party. From there, he moved quickly to national prominence. Had to choose a new leader B. influence. "Vietnamization" was: [91] In September 1969 he was part of a Soviet delegation sent to Czechoslovakia, where he found the Czechoslovak people largely unwelcoming to them. Kramer, Mark. Select the answer choice that best corrects the flaw. [316] In 1987, Crimean Tatars protested in Moscow to demand resettlement in Crimea, the area from which they had been deported on Stalin's orders in 1944. Sustainable development is: His party involvement paid off in the early 1960's, when he was placed in charge of the agriculture department in Stavropol. [394] Hardliners were urging Gorbachev to disband the presidential council and arrest vocal liberals in the media. The Soviet Union would soon cease to exist as a nation and as a Cold War threat to the United States. Domestically, his policy of glasnost ("openness") allowed for enhanced freedom of speech and press, while his perestroika ("restructuring") sought to decentralize economic decision-making to improve its efficiency. Bush in 2018, a critical partner and friend of his time in office, Gorbachev stated that the work they had both accomplished led directly to the end of the Cold War and the nuclear arms race, and that he "deeply appreciated the attention, kindness and simplicity typical of George, Barbara and their large, friendly family". [357] That year, opinion polls showed Yeltsin overtaking Gorbachev as the most popular politician in the Soviet Union. The forces Gorbachev unleashed spun out of control, led to his downfall and the Soviet Union's collapse. [93] Gorbachev later related that he was "deeply affected" by the incident; "my conscience tormented me" for overseeing Sadykov's persecution. [318] In February, the administration of the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast officially requested that it be transferred from the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic to the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic; the majority of the region's population were ethnically Armenian and wanted unification with other majority Armenian areas. [217] Several days after it occurred, he gave a televised report to the nation. Gorbachev was born in 1931, the son of peasant farmers near Stavropol. 46. While the soviets had become largely powerless bodies that rubber-stamped Politburo policies, he wanted them to become year-round legislatures. [485] He rejected the ideaexpressed by Bushthat the U.S. had "won" the Cold War, arguing that both sides had cooperated to end the conflict. [88] In 1969, he was elected as a deputy to the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union and made a member of its Standing Commission for the Protection of the Environment. [122] As part of the Moscow political elite, Gorbachev and his wife now had access to better medical care and to specialized shops; they were also given cooks, servants, bodyguards, and secretaries, although many of these were spies for the KGB. [120] To fill this position, Gorbachev and his wife moved to Moscow, where they were initially given an old dacha outside the city. 25% 1964-1982. In October 1988 General Secretary Gorbachev was elected to the chairmanship of the presidium of the national legislature (the Supreme Soviet). [324] Problems also emerged in the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic; in April 1989, Soviet troops crushed Georgian pro-independence demonstrations in Tbilisi, resulting in various deaths. Studying at Moscow State University, he married fellow student Raisa Titarenko in 1953 and received his law degree in 1955. [475] He repeatedly faced anti-Gorbachev protesters, while some pro-Yeltsin local officials tried to hamper his campaign by banning local media from covering it or by refusing him access to venues. [239] He sought improved relations with China, a country whose Marxist government had severed ties with the Soviets in the Sino-Soviet Split and had since undergone its own structural reform. a. was a diplomatic achievement for President Carter. c. decreased the national debt. [631] Japan's Prime Minister Fumio Kishida said Gorbachev had "left behind great [accomplishments] as a world leader supporting the abolishment of nuclear weapons". [613] The service included rites administered by a Russian Orthodox priest. [532] However, as Gooding noted, the changes that Gorbachev proposed were "expressed wholly within the terms of Marxist-Leninist ideology". above it. In October 1988 Gorbachev was able to consolidate his power by his election to the chairmanship of the presidium of the Supreme Soviet (the national legislature). c. the Democratic Party headquarters. The manipulations of the Soviet KGB secret service in Phnom Penh. [578] General Varennikov, one of those who orchestrated the 1991 coup attempt against Gorbachev, for instance called him "a renegade and traitor to your own people". d. By lowering wages. Taubman also noted that the former Soviet leader has a "sense of self-importance and self-righteousness" as well as a "need for attention and admiration" which grated on some of his colleagues. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Ideologically, Gorbachev initially adhered to MarxismLeninism but moved towards social democracy by the early 1990s. [352], In March, the Congress of People's Deputies held the first (and only) Soviet presidential election, in which Gorbachev was the only candidate. Mikhail Gorbachev assumed the reins of power in the Soviet Union in 1985, no one predicted the revolution he would bring. a. take away a woman's right to be a housewife. [130] That same month, he was promoted from a candidate member to a full member of the Politburo, the highest decision-making authority in the Communist Party. a. [436][437] On 20 December, the leaders of 11 of the 12 remaining republics all except Georgia met in Kazakhstan and signed the Alma-Ata Protocol, agreeing to dismantle the Soviet Union and formally establish the CIS. Some interviewers will have asked you questions about your qualities as a leader. [624], United Nations secretary-general Antnio Guterres said Gorbachev was a "one-of-a-kind statesman who changed the course of history and a towering global leader, committed multilateralist, and tireless advocate for peace", as former U.S. Secretary of State James Baker III stated that "history will remember Mikhail Gorbachev as a giant who steered his great nation towards democracy" in the context of the Cold War's conclusion. [236] Both leaders agreed with the shared goal of abolishing nuclear weapons, but Reagan refused to terminate the SDI program and no deal was reached. [544] He added that "until the end, Gorbachev reiterated his belief in socialism, insisting that it wasn't worthy of the name unless it was truly democratic". [459], The Russian presidential elections were scheduled for June 1996, and although his wife and most of his friends urged him not to run, Gorbachev decided to do so. [30] He also applied to study at the law school of Moscow State University (MSU), then the most prestigious university in the country. [440] Yakovlev, Chernyaev and Shevardnadze joined Gorbachev to help him write a resignation speech. 33. He was protesting the military junta under Augusto Pinochet that had grabbed power in a coup. "[511] In July 2016, Gorbachev criticized NATO for deploying more troops to Eastern Europe amid escalating tensions between the military alliance and Russia. [489], Barred by the constitution from serving more than two consecutive terms as president, Putin stood down in 2008 and was succeeded by his chosen successor, Dmitry Medvedev, who reached out to Gorbachev in ways that Putin had not. e. focused its foreign policy on Southeast Asia. significantly increased in number, as they became more vocal. [41] In 1952, he was appointed a full member of the Communist Party. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev was born on March 2, 1931, in the village of Privolnoic, in the district of Krasnogvardisky in the Stavropol province.
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