Genetic testing of an individual reveals a predisposition to depression. in numbers that mirror the overall student population. If they classified a statement as factual, they were then asked if they thought the statement was accurate or inaccurate. How many times per week do you read? Shared Value(s) Which concerns are raised by the prospect of widespread genetic testing of human beings? one gene both promotes overall fertility and leads to some percentage of offspring being homosexual. Step 1: Read the question first and underline key information. Sana reads a post on Facebook about the health benefits of dark chocolate. -They produce higher yields. Opinion statements were classified as appealing to one side if in recent surveys they were supported more by one political party than the other. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. c. The scientific method emphasizes the importance of nonempirical sources of information when . Values and norms are widely shared and agreed upon; they contribute to social stability by reinforcing common bonds and constraining individual behavior. Scientific Method Steps. Values and norms are social constructions that may vary over time and in different contexts; meaning is created, maintained, and changed through ongoing social interaction. People with anorexia nervosa eat large amounts of food and then . A sociologist wants to study a global community of online gamers who all play the same multiplayer game. Which lessons can be drawn from the example of Angelina Jolie's medical decision and Edward Saunders's discovery of the effects of weather on stock prices? (e) Discuss causes of the overhead variances. Artificial beings with intelligence appeared as storytelling devices in antiquity, and have been common in fiction, as in Mary Shelley's Frankenstein or Karel apek's R.U.R. A catch-22 is a paradoxical situation from which an individual cannot escape because of contradictory rules or limitations. It can be effective to focus only on the theoretical parts of the argument being made. Anecdotal evidence is evidence based only on personal observation, collected in a casual or non-systematic manner. validity: the degree to which a sociological measure accurately reflects the topic of study. A final list of statements was created in consultation with Pew Research Center subject matter experts and an external board of advisers. These risks are either external or manufactured, meaning that they are either due to natural phenomena or are created by human activity and technology. genetic testing on remains exhumed from a historic burial ground. Marie Curie's husband was a joint winner of both Marie's Nobel Prizes. When Americans see a news statement as factual, they overwhelmingly also believe it to be accurate. A Pew Research Center study shows 94% of middle and high school teachers say their students are "very likely" to utilize an online search engine for a research assignment (Purcell . The researchers treated scientists as they would any other "tribe." 2. -The research questions scientists choose to investigate are often a matter of personal preference or interest. Which of the following areas may present ethical concerns for individuals conducting social science research? The principle of respect recognizes the capacity and rights of all individuals to make their own decisions. What are some causes of concern about the use of DNA testing in a criminological context? A philosopher argues that intelligent design is not a scientifically testable theory. Null Hypothesis Examples. And though political awareness and digital savviness are related to education in predictable ways, these relationships persist even when accounting for an individuals education level. Consideration of any potential benefits to the communities where the research will After classifying each statement as factual or opinion, respondents were then asked one of two follow-up questions. false Small farmers tend to have a harder time affording USDA certification. 2. how scientists engage in scientific research make their decisions bias. This is why, for instance, the question does not merely ask whether the statement is a factual or an opinion statement and instead includes explanatory language as follows: Regardless of how knowledgeable you are about the topic, would you consider this statement to be a factual statement (whether you think it is accurate or not) OR an opinion statement (whether you agree with it or not)? For more details on the testing of different question wordings, see Appendix A. One gene promotes overall fertility and leads to some percentage of the offspring being homosexual. -concerns about stigmatization. Identify three items that are likely to be held as inventories by these businesses. Survey research uses closed-ended questions. the availability heuristic Organic products are more expensive than non-organic. Almost four-in-ten Americans who have a lot of trust in the information from national news organizations (39%) correctly identified all five factual statements, compared with 18% of those who have not much or no trust. The results of one study may generalize to other populations in future research. Members of these populations were socially isolated. Expert Answer. Galactic Inc. is considering an investment in new equipment that will be used to manufacture a smartphone. The global warming controversy concerns the public debate over whether global warming is occurring, how much has occurred in modern times, what has caused it, what its effects will be, whether any action can or should be taken to curb it, and if so what that action should be. participants give informed consent. How does deforestation contribute to global warming? Identify the true and false statements about the differences between scientific research and personal experience. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [a] is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. En fonction de la langue dans l'encadr, dites d'ou\^uu cette personne viennent ou reviennent. \scriptstyle\begin{array}{l}\bullet {\text { If Harrison and his mother were} \\ \text{put in the same room, they would not be able }} \\ {\bullet \text{ to communicate. }} Identify the true and false statements about meta-analyses. What are some causes of concern about the use of DNA testing in a criminological context? Scientific knowledge is advanced through a process known as the scientific method. They stay fresh longer. . study occurs. A third type of cultural change is cultural (imperialism), or the imposition of one culture's beliefs and practices on another culture through (media and consumer products) rather than by (military force). On a scale of 1 to 5 (where 1 equals strongly disagree and 5 equals strongly agree), how much do you support the current president's policies? She quickly begins to see many of the group members as her friends, and participates in social events with them. Incorrect Answer(s) Which statements are true and false about scientific research and personal experience? (Laws) are specific types of norms that formally codify what is permissible or forbidden, while (mores) often include severe repercussions and public condemnation. -the one-directional impact of DNA evidence True or False, I believe it is false 4.A fallacy is. When she gets home, Sana looks up research on dark chocolate and ignores the studies showing that dark chocolate should be consumed only in moderation because of its calorie content. Which of the following is an example of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? Disclosure statement. Flaw(s) of Scholarly Article Desde que (ha llegado/lleg) mi primo a la ciudad, (nos hemos divertido/nos divertimos) mucho. Identifying counterexamples is a way to show that a mathematical statement is false. Organic products may be healthier than non-organic products. This is Pew Research Centers first step in understanding how people parse through information as factual or opinion. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like For which reason or reasons are Americans generally more accepting of GMO foods than most Europeans?, In a sociological context, what principle does the phrase Matthew effect refer to?, Why does certified organic food tend to come from megafarms and other large, corporate food producers rather than small-scale operations that . New online tools can automatically adjust the reliability and validity of survey questions. replicability When identifying a counterexample, Identify the condition and conclusion of the statement. Which of the following are double-barreled questions? Scientific claims are evaluated based on merit, and not by the researcher's reputation. The term is sometimes used in a legal context to describe certain kinds of testimony which are uncorroborated by objective, independent evidence such as notarized documentation, photographs, audio-visual recordings, etc. information from your uncle Bob who was once a participant in a psychology study Correct Answer(s) researchers debrief participants. Who had largely dropped out of the discussion, according to Evans? IfHarisonsfatherwerenothandicapped,wouldhebelikehisson? Those on the outskirts of the city were all selected to implement a longer program that lasted the entire summer. The study probed one step further for the initial set of 12 statements. Le SIDA ____________________, a. l'Unin europene How did the National Science Foundation influence research in hurricanes following Hurricane Katrina in 2005? Claims that sound too good to be true. Survey research is usually quick and economical. Given the content listed above, a description of the research problem is . During the most recent month, only 900 units were produced; 4,500 direct labor hours were allowed for standard production, but only 4,000 hours were used. Approach each statement as if it were true and then determine if any part of . -They stay fresh longer. What is typically true of producesay, fresh fruitthat is labeled "certified organic"? HarrisonandGeorgeBergeronarefatherandson. Boundary work is work done to maintain the borders between different branches of science and between science and non-science. What, according to scientist Vandana Shiva, were some negative consequences for developing nations of the green revolution that occurred in the second half of the twentieth century? Correct Answer (s) becoming a player and observing interactions in real time. False Statement(s) . Tying statements to news outlets had limited impact on Americans capacity to identify statements as factual or opinion, Appendix A: Measuring capacity to classify statements as factual or opinion, Around the world, people who trust others are more supportive of international cooperation, Two-thirds of U.S. adults say theyve seen their own news sources report facts meant to favor one side, In Views of U.S. Democracy, Widening Partisan Divides Over Freedom to Peacefully Protest, Experts Predict More Digital Innovation by 2030 Aimed at Enhancing Democracy, The state of Americans trust in each other amid the COVID-19 pandemic, 60% of Americans Would Be Uncomfortable With Provider Relying on AI in Their Own Health Care, Gender pay gap in U.S. hasnt changed much in two decades. The company manufactures cabinets of mahogany, oak, and other fine woods for use in expensive homes, restaurants, and hotels. His therapist, Janice, recently read an article about adjustment disorder. Correct Answer(s) However, one other trait related to news habits the publics level of interest in news does not show much difference. For historical reasons, African Americans often have poorly documented family trees. A statement was considered to appeal to the left or the right based on whether it lent support to political views held by more on one side of the ideological spectrum than the other. Why did the fatalities produced by Chicago's 1995 heat wave occur mainly among the elderly, the poor, and African Americans? \quad \text { Total cost per unit } & \$ 182.50 \\ Flaw(s) of News Article Correct Answer(s) The experiment because the researcher can isolate the effect of race by creating otherwise identical resumes. Each unit has a direct labor hour standard of 5 hours. They can be more nutritious. Which of the following are disadvantages of survey research? Costperunit:DirectlaborDirectmaterialsFactoryoverhead(includingdepreciation)Totalcostperunit$15.00134.0033.50$182.50. Disadvantage(s) Confound(s) For more detail on the classification of the three news outlets, as well as the selection and analysis of this second set of statements, see the, This analysis grouped together all of the times the 5,035 respondents saw a statement attributed to each of the outlets or no outlet at all. If this happens, which factors will most likely be involved? Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Match each biological factor with its influence on sexual behavior. Small farmers tend to have a harder time affording USDA certification. The factual statements were drawn from sources including news organizations, government agencies, research organizations and fact-checking entities, and were verified by the research team as accurate. True scientific controversy involves competing scientific ideas that are evaluated according to the standards of science i.e., fitting the evidence . If all women followed the example Angelina Jolie set in 2013, what would a mutated BRCA1 gene be a predictor for. When was the last time you ate pizza and what were the toppings you had on it? Additionally, the concept of (reactivity) suggests that researchers can also influence those who are being studied. A larger sample size is more acceptable and valid for all kinds of research. Meta-analyses have less accurate results than empirical journal articles. "Hyperactivity is unrelated to eating sugar " is an example of a null hypothesis. -Whether cause A has effect B can depend on social circumstances. After that, if they want to interview (respondents), sociologists must first get (informed consent), which means that participants agree to be interviewed and know what they are getting into. Incorrect Answer(s) and w=4w = 4w=4, respectively. Scientists tend to bestow praise and honors on those colleagues who have been praised and honored in the past. -improvements in agricultural techniques and technologies They do not view a macro picture of multiple planets. Overall, Americans identified more statements correctly than incorrectly, but sizable portions got most wrong, 2. Which questions would be part of the sociology of science? On its face, ChatGPT has no discernible motive or bias. What would that mean, as applied to homosexuality? Problems False rumors spread faster and wider than true information, according to a 2018 study published in Science by MIT Sloan professor Sinan Aral and Deb Roy and Soroush Vosoughi of the MIT Media Lab. For decades, researchers have been trying to nail down what influences eyewitness testimony and how much confidence to place in it. Sana concludes that it makes sense that dark chocolate would be healthy to eat frequently if it has antioxidants; this conclusion is an example of (blank) Testosterone 2.) What is the "Travels of Marco Polo" book about? Janice's diagnosis is not purely based on her client's symptoms but is partially influenced by the (blank). 1. t. e. Andrew Jeremy Wakefield (born September 3, 1956) [3] [4] [a] is a British anti-vaccine activist, former physician, and discredited academic who was struck off the medical register for his involvement in The Lancet MMR autism fraud, a 1998 study that falsely claimed a link between the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and autism. Handbook of Emotion Regulation, edited by James J. Incorrect Answer(s) The researchers examined how scientific facts were established. \text { Direct labor } & \$ 15.00 \\ \hline State any assumptions that you use. \\ {\bullet \text { Harrison and George Bergeron are father and son. }} It is non-GMO Correct Answer(s) The NSF funded small grants on the causes and effects of hurricanes. The study of mechanical or "formal" reasoning began with philosophers and mathematicians in antiquity. It is grown without synthetic pesticides. However, there is a generally accepted sequence of steps in scientific methods. reflexivity True Statement(s) problems that would result from the genetic screening of children at birth. \\ {\bullet \text { Are Harrison and Hozel Bergeron really so different? }} What, besides increased agricultural productivity, were the benefits for developing nations of the green revolution that took place in the second half of the twentieth century? Consider, for example, the factual statement President Barack Obama was born in the United States one that may be perceived as more congenial to the political left and less so to the political right. \\ {\bullet \text { Arrest Harrison Bergeron immediately. }} Values and norms are often contested by various groups in society. It provides well-defined steps to standardize how scientific knowledge is gathered through a logical, rational problem-solving method. Correct answer: False. dydC=0.4+y0.3. What are the main trends of the global green revolution that occurred in the second half of the twentieth century? Identify each research method as either qualitative or quantitative. Each person in a sample group is recorded as being either a United States citizen or a citizen of another country. . This means that they are potentially testablethere must be Which of the following statements are reasons why basing one's conclusions on research is superior to basing one's conclusions on personal experience? Barry C Smith is a Director of the Institute of Philosophy at the Institute of Advanced Studies at University of London. assume that the journalist's report is completely wrong. Survey research is quantitative in nature. Which questions would be part of the sociology of science? As noted previously, respondents were first asked to classify each news statement as a factual statement or an opinion statement. bias ought to do. All of the statements related to policy issues and current events. in-person interviews Republicans and Democrats more likely to classify a news statement as factual if it favors their side whether it is factual or opinion, 4. Identify the problems as either flaws of the scholarly article or flaws of the news article. Just as in true statements, false words elicited larger ERPs than true words in pragmatically-licensed, negative sentences. f. l'Organization du Trait de l'Atlantique Nord. organized skepticism. In 1993, economics researcher Edward Saunders found that stock prices on the New York Stock exchange were slightly higher when the weather outside the trading floor was sunny than when then weather was cloudy or rainy. The Process of Scientific Research. After a year of sifting through the scientific evidence, a committee of psychologists and criminologists organized by the U.S. National Research Council (NRC) has now gingerly weighed in. The scientific method has five basic steps, plus one feedback step: Make an observation. Riaan is designing a study in which he combines the findings of (blank) and calculates the magnitude of all the combined results, otherwise known as (blank). Qualitative Which concerns are raised by the prospect of widespread genetic testing of human beings? They have the patina of legitimate science, but something has gone wrong. Biological Sex 2.) Even though there were some differences between the parties (for instance, 78% of Democrats compared with 68% of Republicans who correctly classified at least three of five factual statements), the more meaningful finding is the tendency among both to be influenced by the possible political appeal of statements. The notion of (objectivity) can be skewed by the direction and focus of prior research. Science is a process of falsifying (ruling out) logical hypotheses. c. Since viruses never change,an adaptive immune system . The equipment has a cost of$850,000, residual value of $50,000, and an eight-year life. The phone is expected to generate additional annual sales of 6,000 units at $250 per unit. The opinion statements were adapted largely from public opinion survey questions. Form a hypothesis, or testable explanation. effects related to socioeconomic status. Identify each statement about Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar's study of Jonas Salk's lab as correct or incorrect. improvements in agricultural techniques and technologies. Manufactured: Survey research focuses on the micro level. Which lessons can be drawn from the example of Angelina Jolie's medical decision and Edward . The most powerful of all norms are (taboos). Not Disadvantage(s) The libraries were located in areas whose populations differed in socioeconomic status. If not, explain what the firm In a sociological context, what principle does the phrase Matthew effect refer to? Place the events in order to describe how this might happen. Pull together statements that range across a variety of policy areas and current events, Strive for statements that were clearly factual and clearly opinion in nature (as well as some that combined both factual and opinion elements, referred to here as borderline), Include an equal number of statements that appealed to the right and left, maintaining an overall ideological balance, Health care costs per person in the U.S. are the highest in the developed world, President Barack Obama was born in the United States, Immigrants who are in the U.S. illegally have some rights under the Constitution, ISIS lost a significant portion of its territory in Iraq and Syria in 2017, Spending on Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid make up the largest portion of the U.S. federal budget, Democracy is the greatest form of government, Increasing the federal minimum wage to $15 an hour is essential for the health of the U.S. economy, Immigrants who are in the U.S. illegally are a very big problem for the country today, Government is almost always wasteful and inefficient. At this point, then, the U.S. is not completely detached from what is factual and what is not. Gender 3.) If the hypothesis is tested and found to be false, using statistics, then a connection between hyperactivity and sugar ingestion may be indicated. Quantitative Transcribed image text: Identify the true and false statements about the research process. Failing to consider all of the times you went to the beach and didn't see anyone get attacked by a shark is an example of (blank), the availability heuristic Correct answer: True. It is non-GMO Given how much students rely on the web for research, it is no wonder they can be susceptible to finding and using the false information that exists on the web. The number of people in a large gathering is recorded. hypothesis: SOCI 101 InQuisitive Ch.17 - Science, the Env, arrts chap 4 : sources lgislatives et rgle, Chapter 12: Family - Questions Inquisitive an, Chapter 13: Education - Inquisitive Questions, Chapter 16: Religion - Inquisitive Questions, ECH 0 1 Pre-Lab Quizzes 1-9 and Lecture Terms, Chapter 15: Authority and the State - Inquisi, Chapter 14: Capitalism and Economy - Inquisit, The Language of Composition: Reading, Writing, Rhetoric, Lawrence Scanlon, Renee H. Shea, Robin Dissin Aufses, Edge Reading, Writing and Language: Level C, David W. Moore, Deborah Short, Michael W. Smith. Existing sources research has low replicability. Incorrect Answer(s) The scientific method uses empirical evidence to uncover new facts about the world. Meta-analyses do not need to go through the peer-review process. But it does mean (in the Popperian view that most scientists endorse) that Darwin's theory is . a scientific study reported by NBC Write an example of base words and simple derivational affixes worksheet. Correct Answer(s) Which of the following does your textbook suggest to be the most common of all non-academic uses of sociological methods? Even if a research study finds an effect the majority of the time, there is no guarantee it will happen to you. Lies spread faster than the truth. Ana Carillo and Associates is a medium-sized company located near a large metropolitan area in the Midwest. She wants to be a critical consumer of research and carefully considers what elements of the report might be due to flaws of the original scholarly article and what might be due to flaws of the news report. For more information on how statements were selected for the study, see below. Labeling statements with a news outlet had no impact on how Republicans or Democrats classified the opinion statements. autoethnography For example, 36% of Americans with high levels of political awareness (those who are knowledgeable about politics and regularly get political news) correctly identified all five factual news statements, compared with about half as many (17%) of those with low political awareness. d. Research, when rigorous, can have an influence on practice. True Statement(s) (1 point) True False 13. About 126,000 rumors were spread by 3 million people. A sociologist wants to study a global community of online gamers who all play the same multiplayer game. Which of the following statements apply to typical survey research? Figure 2. Survey research never has sampling problems, UNIT 1: Fundamentals, Integument, Skeleton, a, Marketing Essentials: The Deca Connection, Carl A. Woloszyk, Grady Kimbrell, Lois Schneider Farese, Consumer Behavior: Buying, Having, and Being, (Fixed) Manufacturing supervisors salaries, (Fixed) Manufacturing offi ce employees salaries, (Fixed) Manufacturing building depreciation. Identify each statement about Bruno Latour and Steve Woolgar's study of Jonas Salk's lab as correct or incorrect. The green revolution, which began around -, exported advanced food production techniques from the U.S. and - to developing nations like Mexico and -. abstract, intro, method, results, discussion, refrences. Which items, according to scientists, represent the two biggest causes of global warming? Identify the true statements about internet-based surveys. Multiple replications of the same study provide strong support for a theory. \end{array} What benefits do proponents of GMO food crops claim for them? 1. how scientific fraud is uncovered Which of the following elements could be considered culture? These characters and their fates raised many of the same issues now discussed in the ethics of artificial intelligence.. -concerns about social stratification The real process of science; A blueprint for scientific investigations; Exploration and discovery . Hilda is studying the effects of a major earthquake on people living nearby. Both Republicans and Democrats show a propensity to be influenced by which side of the aisle a statement appeals to most. When writing your research proposal or introduction, formulate it as a problem statement and/or research questions. But this time, most saw statements attributed to one of three specific news outlets: one with a left-leaning audience (The New York Times), one with a right-leaning audience (Fox News Channel) and one with a more mixed audience (USA Today).4. Because as a trained psychologist Janice should be aware of her susceptibility to faulty thinking, her mistake is an example of the (blank).
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